Scientists may be closer to understanding why some cats are more vocal than others, a new study suggests.
They have found a genetic link between how frequently cats purr and variations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene – a gene located on the X chromosome that helps regulate testosterone and is known to influence behavioural traits across species.
Researchers analysed DNA from 280 neutered, mixed-breed domestic cats, and compared their genetic profiles with behavioural data collected through owner questionnaires. They found that cats with short-type AR alleles were more likely to purr – and, in males, more likely to vocalise in general – than those with long-type alleles.
The AR gene exists in multiple versions, known as alleles, which differ in the number of repeated genetic sequences they contain. In this study, the alleles were grouped into “short” (18 or fewer repeats) and “long” (19 or more). Longer alleles – associated with less vocalisation – were found only in domestic cats, and not in wild members of the Felidae family. The researchers suggest this could reflect reduced reliance on vocal communication in animals accustomed to human care.
The findings may have implications for cat welfare. Cats with longer alleles may be quieter, which could make it harder for owners or carers to spot signs of illness or distress. The study authors suggest more attention should be paid to non-vocal cues in these individuals.